/* =============================================================================
   Emsley — Colors & Type (inlined from design-system/colors_and_type.css)
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Grounded, operationally-experienced eyewear development partner for
   founder-led brands. Restrained palette, single-family type system, square
   corners, no shadows. Hierarchy carried by weight + spacing, not color.
   ========================================================================== */

/* Type system — three faces with strict, narrow jobs.
   - General Sans (Fontshare): default for everything
   - IBM Plex Mono (Google): measurements only — numerals, captions, edge labels, timing
   - Newsreader (Google, variable): emotional moments only — hero H1, pull quotes, perspective titles */
@import url("https://api.fontshare.com/v2/css?f[]=general-sans@400,500,600&display=swap");
@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@7..72,400..600&display=swap");

:root {
  /* Core palette */
  --color-primary:    #1d2129;
  --color-secondary:  #6B6B6B;
  --color-tertiary:   #8A7F72;
  --color-neutral:    #F4F2EE;
  --color-surface:    #FFFFFF;
  --color-border:     #D6D2CB;

  --color-on-primary:   #FFFFFF;
  --color-on-secondary: #FFFFFF;
  --color-on-tertiary:  #FFFFFF;
  --color-on-neutral:   #1d2129;
  --color-on-surface:   #1d2129;

  --color-primary-hover:    #2c323e;
  --color-secondary-hover:  #1d2129;
  --color-tertiary-hover:   #6F665A;
  --color-neutral-hover:    #EBE7DF;

  /* Semantic shortcuts */
  --fg-1: var(--color-primary);
  --fg-2: var(--color-secondary);
  --fg-3: var(--color-tertiary);
  --bg-1: var(--color-neutral);
  --bg-2: var(--color-surface);
  --hairline: var(--color-border);

  /* Typography */
  --font-sans:  "General Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --font-mono:  "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "JetBrains Mono", Menlo, monospace;
  --font-serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;

  --fw-regular:  400;
  --fw-medium:   500;
  --fw-semibold: 600;
  --fw-bold:     700;

  --fs-h1:         2.75rem;
  --fs-h2:         2rem;
  --fs-h3:         1.375rem;
  --fs-body-md:    1rem;
  --fs-body-sm:    0.875rem;
  --fs-label-caps: 0.6875rem;

  --lh-display: 1.15;
  --lh-heading: 1.2;
  --lh-subheading: 1.3;
  --lh-body: 1.55;
  --lh-tight: 1.5;

  --tr-display: -0.015em;
  --tr-heading: -0.01em;

  /* Spacing scale */
  --s-1: 4px;
  --s-2: 8px;
  --s-3: 12px;
  --s-4: 16px;
  --s-5: 24px;
  --s-6: 32px;
  --s-7: 48px;
  --s-8: 64px;
  --s-9: 96px;
  --s-10: 128px;
  --s-11: 160px;
  --s-12: 200px;

  /* Layout */
  --tr-body:     0.01em;
  --tr-caps:     0.08em;
  --tr-button:   0.02em;

  /* Shape */
  --radius-none: 0px;
  --radius-sm:   2px;
  --radius-md:   4px;

  /* Spacing */
  --space-xs:  4px;
  --space-sm:  8px;
  --space-md:  16px;
  --space-lg:  24px;
  --space-xl:  48px;
  --space-xxl: 80px;

  --max-page: 1440px;
  --max-text:  920px;
  --max-text-narrow: 720px;

  /* Motion */
  --ease-standard: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);
  --dur-fast:    120ms;
  --dur-medium:  200ms;
  --dur-slow:    320ms;
}

/* Base element styles */
html {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  background: var(--bg-1);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--fs-body-md);
  line-height: var(--lh-body);
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-body);
  font-weight: var(--fw-regular);
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html, body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: var(--bg-1);
  color: var(--fg-1);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  font-size: 16px;
}

a { color: inherit; }

/* ---- Layout primitives ---- */

.page {
  width: 100%;
  background: var(--bg-1);
}

.shell {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 40px;
}

.shell--text {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 40px;
}

.section {
  position: relative;
  padding: 80px 0;
}

.section--tight { padding: 56px 0; }

.section--dark {
  background: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

.section--surface {
  background: var(--bg-2);
}

.hairline-band {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.eyebrow {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--fg-2);
}

.eyebrow--inverted { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); }

/* ---- Header ---- */

.header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  background: rgba(244,242,238,0.75);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  z-index: 10;
  transition: background var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-standard),
              border-color var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-standard);
}

.header__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 88px;
}

.header__logo img {
  display: block;
  height: 28px;
  filter: brightness(0);
  transition: filter var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-standard);
}

.header--inverted .header__logo img {
  filter: none;
}

.header__nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: center;
}

.header__link {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.header__link:hover,
.header__link--active { color: var(--fg-1); }

.header__cta {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1;
  background: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
  border: 0;
  padding: 13px 24px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
}

.header__cta:hover { background: var(--color-primary-hover); }

/* ---- Hamburger button — hidden on desktop ---- */
.header__hamburger {
  display: none;
}

/* ---- Mobile menu — hidden on desktop ---- */
.header__mobile-menu {
  display: none;
}

/* ---- Header inverted (over dark sections) ---- */
.header--inverted {
  background: transparent;
  border-bottom-color: transparent;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.header--inverted .header__link {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
}
.header--inverted .header__link:hover,
.header--inverted .header__link--active {
  color: #fff;
}
.header--inverted .header__cta {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--color-primary);
}
.header--inverted .header__cta:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.88);
}

/* ---- Buttons ---- */

.btn {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  padding: 13px 24px;
  border-radius: 0;
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard),
              color var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.btn--primary {
  background: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--color-primary-hover); }

.btn--secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.btn--secondary:hover {
  background: var(--color-neutral-hover);
}

.btn--secondary.btn--on-dark {
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}
.btn--secondary.btn--on-dark:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}

/* ---- Hero ---- */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 100px 0 120px;
}

.hero__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero__title {
  font-size: clamp(2.125rem, 2.6vw + 0.6rem, 2.875rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.018em;
  line-height: 1.08;
  margin: 18px 0 22px;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  max-width: 14ch;
}

.hero__lede {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  max-width: 46ch;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.hero__cta-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero__media {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  width: 100%;
  background: var(--color-neutral-hover);
  position: relative;
}

.hero__media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

/* ---- Standard section heading ---- */
.section-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2vw + 0.85rem, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 20ch;
  margin: 14px 0 56px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.section-title--inverted {
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

/* ---- Problem ---- */

.problem__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.problem__cell {
  padding: 28px 24px 24px 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.problem__cell:last-child { border-right: 0; padding-right: 0; }
.problem__cell:not(:first-child) { padding-left: 24px; }

.problem__num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.problem__head {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.problem__body {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* ---- Problem section footnote ---- */
.problem__footnote {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  margin-top: var(--s-7);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(29, 33, 41, 0.08);
  max-width: 56ch;
}

/* ---- Why Emsley ---- */

.why {
  background: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

.why__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: start;
}

.why__paragraph {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.78);
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}
.why__paragraph--summary {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  color: var(--color-on-ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.why__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
}

.process__steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--hairline) 70%, transparent);
  margin-top: 56px;
}

.process__step {
  padding: 28px 18px 24px;
  border-right: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--hairline) 70%, transparent);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard),
              transform var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
  background: transparent;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: inherit;
  position: relative;
}

.process__step:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.process__step:not(:first-child) { padding-left: 18px; }

.process__step:hover {
  background: var(--color-neutral-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.process__step.is-active { background: var(--bg-2); }

.process__step::after {
  content: "→";
  position: absolute;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: 12px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
}
.process__step:hover::after { opacity: 1; }

.process__num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.process__name {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.process__stage {
  margin-top: 56px;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: var(--color-primary);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.process__stage-img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  animation: stage-fade var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-standard);
}

@keyframes stage-fade {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to   { opacity: 1; }
}

/* Gradient wash at the bottom so the overlay card always has legible contrast */
.process__stage::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    rgba(29, 33, 41, 0.78) 0%,
    rgba(29, 33, 41, 0.55) 32%,
    rgba(29, 33, 41, 0.05) 60%,
    rgba(29, 33, 41, 0) 100%
  );
}

/* Make corner ticks visible against the photo */
.process__stage > .corner-tick {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  z-index: 3;
}

/* The designed text plate. Sits over the image, inset from corner ticks. */
.process__stage-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  left: 56px;
  bottom: 56px;
  right: 56px;
  max-width: 560px;
  z-index: 2;
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

.process__stage-eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.process__stage-name {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.process__stage-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.process__stage-body {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  max-width: 46ch;
  margin: 0;
}

.process__more {
  margin-top: 36px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

/* ---- Proof / Imagery grid ---- */

.proof__grid {
  margin-top: 48px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 320px 320px;
  gap: 8px;
}

.proof__cell {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--color-neutral-hover);
  margin: 0; /* reset <figure> default UA margin */
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
}
.proof__cell img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0; /* allow image to shrink inside the 1fr track */
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.proof__cell figcaption {
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: var(--color-neutral);
  color: var(--fg-3);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.proof__cell--tall { grid-row: span 2; }

/* ---- Case study (homepage teaser) ---- */

.case__header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: 64px;
}

.case__header-meta { padding-top: 8px; }

.case__title {
  font-size: clamp(1.875rem, 2.6vw + 0.5rem, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.12;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  max-width: 20ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.case__inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 72px;
  align-items: start;
}

.case__visual {
  position: relative;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
}

.case__visual-frame {
  position: relative;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.case__visual-frame img {
  width: 86%;
  height: 86%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.case__visual-caption {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding-top: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  font-family: var(--font-mono, var(--font-sans));
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--fg-3);
}

.case__body { padding-top: 4px; }

.case__quote {
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.4vw + 0.6rem, 1.625rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.32;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  max-width: 30ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.case__meta {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case__meta strong { color: var(--fg-1); font-weight: 500; }

.case__stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.case__stat-num {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.4vw + 0.5rem, 1.875rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  font-feature-settings: "tnum" 1, "lnum" 1;
  line-height: 1;
}

.case__stat-num .unit {
  font-size: 0.55em;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  margin-left: 2px;
}

.case__stat-label {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.10em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  margin-top: 10px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  max-width: 14ch;
}

.case__readmore {
  margin-top: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .case__header,
  .case__inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; }
  .case__header { align-items: start; }
  .case__visual-frame { aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; }
  .case__visual-frame img { width: 60%; height: 88%; }
  .case__stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

/* ---- Perspective (homepage teaser) ---- */

.perspective__header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: 56px;
}

.perspective__title {
  font-size: clamp(1.875rem, 2.6vw + 0.5rem, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.12;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  margin: 14px 0 16px;
  max-width: 18ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.perspective__sublede {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 48ch;
  margin: 0;
}

.perspective__list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.perspective__item { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }

.perspective__link {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 64px 1fr 1.6fr 110px;
  column-gap: 40px;
  padding: 28px 8px 28px 0;
  align-items: baseline;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: background var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
}

.perspective__link:hover { background: var(--color-neutral-hover); }
.perspective__link:hover .perspective__h3 { color: var(--fg-3); }

.perspective__num {
  font-feature-settings: "tnum" 1, "lnum" 1;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  letter-spacing: 0.10em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-left: 8px;
}

.perspective__h3 {
  font-size: 1.1875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 22ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
}

.perspective__summary {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 42em;
}

.perspective__date {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.10em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-right: 8px;
}

.perspective__more {
  margin-top: 36px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding-right: 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .perspective__header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; align-items: start; }
  .perspective__link {
    grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr;
    column-gap: 20px;
    row-gap: 8px;
    padding: 22px 0;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .perspective__num { padding-left: 0; }
  .perspective__summary { grid-column: 2 / span 1; }
  .perspective__date { grid-column: 2 / span 1; text-align: left; padding-right: 0; }
  .perspective__more { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* ---- Closing CTA ---- */

.closing {
  padding: 120px 0;
  text-align: left;
}

.closing__title {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  max-width: 22ch;
  margin: 0 0 var(--s-6);
}

.closing__lede {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 32em;
  margin: 0 0 var(--s-6);
}

.closing__cta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 64px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.closing__cta .link-arrow {
  margin-left: var(--s-3);
}

/* ---- Footer ---- */

.footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding: 56px 0 28px;
  background: var(--bg-1);
}

.footer__top {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
}

.footer__heading {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}

.footer__col a {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--fg-1);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 4px 0;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
}

.footer__col a:hover { color: var(--fg-3); }

.footer__brand img { height: 32px; margin-bottom: 14px; filter: brightness(0); }
.footer__brand p {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--fg-2);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 32ch;
  margin: 0;
}

.footer__bottom {
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--fg-2);
}

/* ---- Inline link ---- */

.link-inline {
  color: var(--fg-1);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
}

.link-inline:hover { color: var(--fg-3); }

.link-arrow {
  color: var(--fg-1);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fg-1);
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard),
              border-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
}

.link-arrow::after {
  content: "→";
  display: inline-block;
  transition: transform var(--dur-medium) var(--ease-standard);
}

.link-arrow:hover::after { transform: translateX(3px); }

.link-arrow:hover { color: var(--fg-3); border-color: var(--fg-3); }

.link-arrow--on-dark {
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
}
.link-arrow--on-dark:hover {
  color: var(--color-on-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-on-primary);
}

/* =============================================================================
   TECHNICAL-DRAWING DETAIL — corner ticks, gutter rules, measurement marks.
   These pull from CNC / blueprint vocabulary. Used SPARINGLY for rhythm.
   ========================================================================== */

/* Vertical hairline that runs down a section's left gutter, with the section
   number set in mono at the top. Reads as a technical-drawing column marker. */
.section,
.hero,
.closing,
.why {
  position: relative;
}

.gutter-mark {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 40px;
  width: 1px;
  bottom: 0;
  background: var(--hairline);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.gutter-mark::before {
  content: attr(data-num);
  position: absolute;
  top: 28px;
  left: -34px;
  width: 28px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.gutter-mark--dark { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16); }
.gutter-mark--dark::before { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45); }

/* Tiny tick (3px line) repeating along an axis — for measurement bands */
.tick-band {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  height: 12px;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.tick-band::before,
.tick-band::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--hairline);
  position: relative;
}

/* Crosshair / corner-tick frame for images and quoted blocks */
.corner-frame {
  position: relative;
}

.corner-frame .corner-tick {
  position: absolute;
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  pointer-events: none;
  color: var(--color-tertiary);
}
.corner-frame .corner-tick::before,
.corner-frame .corner-tick::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  background: currentColor;
}
.corner-frame .corner-tick::before { width: 22px; height: 1.5px; }
.corner-frame .corner-tick::after { width: 1.5px; height: 22px; }

.corner-tick--tl { top: -11px; left: -11px; }
.corner-tick--tl::before { top: 11px; left: 0; }
.corner-tick--tl::after { left: 11px; top: 0; }

.corner-tick--tr { top: -11px; right: -11px; }
.corner-tick--tr::before { top: 11px; right: 0; }
.corner-tick--tr::after { right: 11px; top: 0; }

.corner-tick--bl { bottom: -11px; left: -11px; }
.corner-tick--bl::before { bottom: 11px; left: 0; }
.corner-tick--bl::after { left: 11px; bottom: 0; }

.corner-tick--br { bottom: -11px; right: -11px; }
.corner-tick--br::before { bottom: 11px; right: 0; }
.corner-tick--br::after { right: 11px; bottom: 0; }

/* Big section label printed sideways down the left edge — print-spec style */
.edge-label {
  position: absolute;
  left: 12px;
  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
  text-orientation: mixed;
  z-index: 1;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  word-break: keep-all;
  white-space: nowrap;
  color: var(--fg-3);
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Per-section edge-label vertical alignment */
.hero .edge-label    { top: 227px; }
.section--tight .edge-label    { top: 64px; }
.why .edge-label               { top: 88px; }
.section#process .edge-label   { top: 88px; }
.section--surface .edge-label  { top: 301px; }
.section#perspective .edge-label { top: 262px; }
.closing .edge-label           { top: 128px; }

.edge-label--dark { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }

/* A horizontal measurement strip with tick marks at intervals.
   Used between sections as a visual breath. */
.measure-strip {
  width: 100%;
  height: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, var(--hairline) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 80px 100%;
  position: relative;
}

.measure-strip::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 6px;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, var(--hairline) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 20px 100%;
  opacity: 0.5;
}

/* Eyebrow rule — short hairline before an eyebrow label, technical-drawing style */
.eyebrow-rule {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.eyebrow-rule::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 48px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--color-tertiary);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.eyebrow-rule--inverted::before { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }



/* =============================================================================
   Typographic accent system — measurements (mono) + emotional moments (serif)
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Strict discipline. See DESIGN.md typography rule before extending.
   ========================================================================== */

/* Editorial features on Inter / General Sans for body */
body {
  font-feature-settings: "ss01" 1, "cv11" 1, "calt" 1, "kern" 1;
}

/* MONO — measurements, captions, edge labels, technical numerals.
   Applied wherever the content is "a thing we counted or measured." */
.numerals,
.edge-label,
.step__num,
.process__num,
.process__name,
.process__stage-name,
.case__stat-num,
.case__stat-label,
.case__visual-caption,
.indicator__num,
.cs-facts dt,
.cs-facts dd,
.when,
.hero__caption,
.caption,
.proof__cell figcaption,
figure figcaption,
.perspective__num,
.perspective__date,
.problem__num,
.cs-anchor .caption-row {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-feature-settings: "tnum" 1, "lnum" 1;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

/* Mono slightly smaller — IBM Plex Mono renders larger than General Sans at same px */
.edge-label,
.hero__caption,
.caption,
.proof__cell figcaption,
figure figcaption,
.cs-anchor .caption-row,
.case__visual-caption,
.perspective__date,
.cs-facts dt {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

/* When-tag inside process step */
.when {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* SERIF — emotional moments only. Three places.
   1) Homepage hero H1
   2) Case study pull quote (.case__quote and .cs-pull blockquote)
   3) Perspective post titles */
.hero__title,
.case__quote,
.cs-pull blockquote,
.perspective__h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* Hero — Newsreader at display size */
.hero__title {
  line-height: 1.05;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.case__quote {
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.perspective__h3 {
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* =============================================================================
   MOBILE — max-width: 768px
   All rules below apply only on narrow viewports. Desktop styles above are
   untouched — nothing outside this block was modified.
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {

  /* ---- Global overflow guard ---- */
  html, body {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  /* ---- Shell & section globals ---- */
  .shell,
  .shell--text {
    padding: 0 20px;
  }

  .section         { padding: 48px 0; }
  .section--tight  { padding: 36px 0; }

  /* ---- Decorative: visual-only elements that assume 40px shell padding ---- */
  .gutter-mark { display: none; }
  .edge-label  { display: none !important; }

  /* ---- Header ---- */
  .header__inner   { height: 64px; }
  .header__logo img { height: 22px; }
  .header__nav     { display: none; }   /* entire desktop nav hidden on mobile */

  /* Hamburger button */
  .header__hamburger {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 5px;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 8px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .header__hamburger span {
    display: block;
    width: 22px;
    height: 1.5px;
    background: var(--fg-1);
    transition: transform 180ms var(--ease-standard),
                opacity   180ms var(--ease-standard);
    transform-origin: center;
  }

  /* Animate to × when open */
  .header__hamburger.is-open span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(6.5px) rotate(45deg);
  }
  .header__hamburger.is-open span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scaleX(0);
  }
  .header__hamburger.is-open span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-6.5px) rotate(-45deg);
  }

  /* Mobile menu dropdown — hidden by default, toggled via .is-open */
  .header__mobile-menu {
    display: none;
    background: var(--bg-1);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    padding: 8px 0 24px;
  }
  .header__mobile-menu.is-open {
    display: block;
  }

  .header__mobile-link {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--fg-1);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-standard);
  }

  .header__mobile-link:hover { color: var(--fg-3); }

  .header__mobile-cta {
    margin-top: 20px;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 14px 24px;
  }

  /* ---- Hero ---- */
  .hero {
    padding: 48px 0 56px;
  }

  .hero__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
  }

  .hero__media {
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
  }

  .hero__cta-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  /* Match button widths in the stacked CTA row so the visual hierarchy
     comes from fill (dark vs outlined), not from inconsistent widths. */
  .hero__cta-row .btn {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 320px;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  /* Images should never overflow their container */
  img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }

  /* ---- Problem ---- */
  .problem__grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  .problem__cell {
    padding: 20px 16px 20px 0;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  }

  .problem__cell:not(:first-child) {
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  /* Right column: remove right border */
  .problem__cell:nth-child(2n) {
    border-right: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  /* Second row: add top border */
  .problem__cell:nth-child(n+3) {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  }

  /* Reset desktop :last-child override */
  .problem__cell:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  /* ---- Why ---- */
  .why__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
  }

  /* ---- Process ---- */
  .process__steps {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }

  /* Right column of 3: remove divider */
  .process__step:nth-child(3n) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  /* Second row of steps: add top border */
  .process__step:nth-child(n+4) {
    border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--hairline) 70%, transparent);
  }

  /* Stage overlay: reduce inset from 56px to 20px */
  .process__stage-overlay {
    left: 20px;
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }

  /* ---- Proof ---- */
  .proof__grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto;
  }

  .proof__cell--tall {
    grid-row: auto;   /* remove desktop 2-row span */
  }

  /* Bumped min-height to accommodate the figcaption strip below each image
     without squashing the image at 2-up mobile widths. */
  .proof__cell {
    min-height: 260px;
  }

  /* Last cell spans full width — needs a bit less vertical space since it's wider */
  .proof__cell:last-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    min-height: 220px;
  }

  /* Tighten caption typography on mobile to keep it from dominating small cells */
  .proof__cell figcaption {
    padding: 6px 10px;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  /* ---- Footer ---- */
  .footer__top {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 32px 24px;
  }

  .footer__brand {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .footer__bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  /* ---- Closing ---- */
  .closing {
    padding: 72px 0;
  }

  /* Smaller title at narrow widths so the line doesn't wrap awkwardly. */
  .closing__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 7vw, 2.5rem);
  }

  /* Stack the CTA + email link vertically. The button gets a matched
     width to the hero CTA fix so all primary CTAs on mobile feel consistent. */
  .closing__cta {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 16px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .closing__cta .btn--primary {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 320px;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .closing__cta .link-arrow {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  /* ---- Footer ---- */
  /* Stack all footer columns into a single column on mobile so the third
     link column doesn't orphan in the 2-col grid. */
  .footer__top {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .footer__brand {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

}